1. Foundation: The part of a building that transfers the load of the structure to the ground.
2. Column: Vertical structural elements that bear horizontal and vertical loads of a building.
3. Beam: Horizontal structural elements that transfer the loads of roofs and floors to columns.
4. Retaining Wall: A wall built to prevent soil movement and to divide different areas of a building.
5. Building Plans: Drawings that include floor plans, sections, and elevations of a building, used for accurate execution of the project.
6. Reinforced Concrete: A combination of concrete and steel bars (rebar) used to enhance the strength and durability of the structure.
7. Rebar Placement: The process of placing steel bars in the concrete formwork before pouring concrete.
8. Formwork: The molds used to shape concrete during its setting period.
9. Reinforcement Tying: The process of reinforcing walls with horizontal and vertical steel bars.
10. Leveling: Ensuring that building elements are at the same height during different construction stages.
11. Sloping: Creating an appropriate slope for draining surface water from roofs and terraces.
12. Painting: Applying paint on interior and exterior surfaces of a building for decoration and protection.
13. Plastering: Coating walls and ceilings with plaster to create a smooth surface for painting.
14. Cement Rendering: Applying a layer of cement to external surfaces for increased durability and aesthetic appeal.
15. Mechanical Systems: Including HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) and plumbing systems in a building.
16. Electrical Systems: Including wiring, lighting, and electrical outlets throughout the building.
17. Thermal Insulation: Materials used to reduce heat transfer into or out of a building.
18. Sound Insulation: Materials used to reduce noise transfer between different parts of a building.
19. General Contractor: A company responsible for overseeing and executing the overall construction project.
20. Supervising Engineer: A professional who ensures construction is carried out correctly according to plans and standards.
21. Scaffolding: Temporary structures used to access high and hard-to-reach areas during construction.
22. False Ceiling: An additional ceiling installed below the main ceiling, often for decorative purposes or to reduce room height.
23. Electrical Installations: The process of installing all electrical components, such as wiring, outlets, and lighting.
24. Sanitary Installations: The process of installing plumbing systems, including water and sewage systems, bathrooms, and kitchens.
25. Stairs: Structures connecting different floors of a building, including steps and railings.
26. Elevator: A device used for vertical transportation of people and goods between different floors of a building.
27. Green Space: Areas inside or around a building designed for aesthetic and relaxing purposes.
28. Prefabricated Components: Building parts manufactured in a factory and assembled on-site.
29. Waterproofing: Using materials and techniques to prevent water ingress into a building.
30. Fireproofing: Using materials and methods to increase a building’s resistance to fire.
31. Quality Control: The process of checking and evaluating various construction stages to ensure compliance with standards and quality.
32. Utility Room: A space within a building housing mechanical and electrical equipment.
33. Geotechnical Engineering: A field of engineering that studies the properties of soil and rock to design and construct building foundations.
34. Soil Testing: Conducting various tests on soil samples to determine their physical and mechanical properties.